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Flux

Flux

SUICIDEGIRL

Georgia, USA

SEP 04, 2007 11:09 AM



Long before fly DNA became inextricable from that of Jeff Goldblum, there was Wolbachia.

On Thursday, the University of Rochester issued a press release relating that some of its scientists, in conjunction with the J. Craig Venter Institute, had discovered the entire genome of the bacterial parasite Wolbachia inside the genome of its host.

The research ... shows that lateral gene transfer—the movement of genes between unrelated species—may happen much more frequently between bacteria and multicellular organisms than scientists previously believed, posing dramatic implications for evolution.


For those of you who slept through high school biology, this means that the DNA of a parasitic bacteria has become part of the DNA of the fruit fly it was found in. Wolbachia exists within 70% of the world's invertebrates, meaning that there may be many more cases of genetically influenced bugs out there as these mutant individuals reproduce.

So, if microbes and multicellular organisms have been doing the genome shuffle, what does this mean for us? Is there a little M. tuberculosis in my making, or perhaps some M. leprae? The idea that evolution might have received a kick in the rump due to the inheritance of the genes of unrelated species makes you wonder.

"Such transfers have happened before in the distant past" notes Werren. "In our very own cells and those of nearly all plants and animals are mitochondria, special structures responsible for generating most of our cells' supply of chemical energy. These were once bacteria that lived inside cells, much like wolbachia does today. Mitochondria still retain their own, albeit tiny, DNA, and most of the genes moved into the nucleus in the very distant past. Like wolbachia, they have passively exchanged DNA with their host cells. It's possible wolbachia may follow in the path of mitochondria, eventually becoming a necessary and useful part of a cell.

"In a way, wolbachia could be the next mitochondria," says Werren. "A hundred million years from now, everyone may have a wolbachia organelle."

"Well, not us," he laughs. "We'll be long gone, but wolbachia will still be around."


Oh, shit.

I, for one, welcome our new Wolbachia overlords.

Flux would like to remind you that as a trusted intertubez personality, she can be helpful in rounding up others whose genetic code is ripe for infection.

Skywisdom

Skywisdom

Portland, OR
December 2005

SEP 04, 2007 12:29 PM

I'm sorry, I stopped at genetically influenced bugs. This means I get to be Spider-Man, right? Right?

FunkySkunk

FunkySkunk

Gainesville, FL
July 2004

SEP 04, 2007 12:36 PM



I, for one, welcome our new Wolbachia overlords.



Wow, havn't seen that quote on these boards in awhile. Let me add I look forward to toiling in their underground genome mines...

Gerry_D

Gerry_D

Los Angeles, CA
May 2003

SEP 04, 2007 12:37 PM

If only evolution could be sped up

gcash056

gcash056

Orlando, FL
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 12:42 PM

Gerry_D said:
If only evolution could be sped up



All the local drivers appear to be hell-bent on doing just that...

gcash056

gcash056

Orlando, FL
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 12:46 PM

Another interesting thing about this discovery is that it's been seen before, except all the experimenters went "oh damn, I got some Wolbachia contamination in my fruit-fly DNA" and tossed the samples.

I think the hard part of this particular paper was proving beyond a doubt that the samples and laboratory protocol was pristine.

bcguitar33

bcguitar33

Jamaica Plain, MA
January 2004

SEP 04, 2007 01:05 PM

Can somebody cut to the chase? Pig and elephant DNA...might they splice?

ndklinst

ndklinst

New Albany, IN
February 2007

SEP 04, 2007 01:09 PM

Oh, the possibilities.

Flux

Flux

SUICIDEGIRL

Georgia, USA

SEP 04, 2007 01:46 PM

gcash056 said:
Another interesting thing about this discovery is that it's been seen before, except all the experimenters went "oh damn, I got some Wolbachia contamination in my fruit-fly DNA" and tossed the samples.



Well, yeah, and the implications of that are pretty incredible. They tossed out a lot of bacteria-coding as contamination when they mapped the human genome.

Going back and looking at that may be very interesting.

MrCrisp

MrCrisp

I'm lost
August 2004

SEP 04, 2007 01:53 PM

Gerry_D

Gerry_D

Los Angeles, CA
May 2003

SEP 04, 2007 02:04 PM

Flux said:

gcash056 said:
Another interesting thing about this discovery is that it's been seen before, except all the experimenters went "oh damn, I got some Wolbachia contamination in my fruit-fly DNA" and tossed the samples.



Well, yeah, and the implications of that are pretty incredible. They tossed out a lot of bacteria-coding as contamination when they mapped the human genome.

Going back and looking at that may be very interesting.



so cool. what is in there that was trashed?

Gylrek

Gylrek

Chula Vista, CA
August 2007

SEP 04, 2007 02:16 PM

very well written ,great article

Garfish

Garfish

United Kingdom
August 2007

SEP 04, 2007 02:17 PM

Hmm... does this mean that one day, potentially, specially altered bacteria could be used for gene therapy OR more importantly giving me x-ray vision?

Arcanum

Arcanum

Jersey City, NJ
June 2006

SEP 04, 2007 02:34 PM

Skywisdom said:
I'm sorry, I stopped at genetically influenced bugs. This means I get to be Spider-Man, right? Right?



I laughed over this one comment far longer than necessary. For that I apologize.

Very interesting article.

flyonwall

flyonwall

London, ON
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 02:42 PM

Skywisdom said:
I'm sorry, I stopped at genetically influenced bugs. This means I get to be Spider-Man, right? Right?



i think that means you get to be fruit-fly man actually..

me? i'm waiting for my very own spider-pig!

Moneyshot29

Moneyshot29

Toledo, OH
May 2004

SEP 04, 2007 03:01 PM

Garfish said:
Hmm... does this mean that one day, potentially, specially altered bacteria could be used for gene therapy OR more importantly giving me x-ray vision?




That's a possibility, but I don't think that will really be in the works for quite a long time. Currently most work in the gene therapy field is using viruses, which are incredibly simple where as bacteria are quite complex. Keep It Simple, Stupid! I think viruses are still the way to go for gene therapy. That being said... I could be wrong smile

Trahern

Trahern

United Kingdom
March 2003

SEP 04, 2007 03:05 PM

Here's hoping they come up with some fascinating and ultimately extremely useful medical advances as a result of this.

Actually I hope that about pretty much anything in the biological field.

Garfish

Garfish

United Kingdom
August 2007

SEP 04, 2007 03:42 PM

Moneyshot29 said:

Garfish said:
Hmm... does this mean that one day, potentially, specially altered bacteria could be used for gene therapy OR more importantly giving me x-ray vision?




That's a possibility, but I don't think that will really be in the works for quite a long time. Currently most work in the gene therapy field is using viruses, which are incredibly simple where as bacteria are quite complex. Keep It Simple, Stupid! I think viruses are still the way to go for gene therapy. That being said... I could be wrong smile



Ah, thanks for clearing that up, it's been a while since I touched anything to do with biology. smile

xazapdmytinu

xazapdmytinu

Fort Collins, CO
July 2007

SEP 04, 2007 04:25 PM

Wasn't something like the the entire premise of all Madeleine L'Engle ever wrote?

SockPuppet

SockPuppet

I'm lost
July 2006

SEP 04, 2007 04:28 PM

Moneyshot29 said:

Garfish said:
Hmm... does this mean that one day, potentially, specially altered bacteria could be used for gene therapy OR more importantly giving me x-ray vision?




That's a possibility, but I don't think that will really be in the works for quite a long time. Currently most work in the gene therapy field is using viruses, which are incredibly simple whereas bacteria are quite complex. Keep It Simple, Stupid! I think viruses are still the way to go for gene therapy. That being said... I could be wrong smile



I guess the gene therapy guys will have to look carefully at places their engineered viruses might therapise, if the genome they're looking at contains stuff they didn't know was there before.

SockPuppet

SockPuppet

I'm lost
July 2006

SEP 04, 2007 04:30 PM

xazapdmytinu said:
Wasn't something like the the entire premise of all Madeleine L'Engle ever wrote?



Is that bad?

sick

sick

Minneapolis, MN
June 2003

SEP 04, 2007 04:44 PM

As soon as a read the premise of the article, I thought of mitochondria. And then there they were later in the article! Amazing things, mitochondria.

paperpterodactyl

paperpterodactyl

Pittsburgh, PA
July 2006

SEP 04, 2007 04:57 PM

whoa. i just did my final project for my crappy art school biology gen. ed. on the mitochondria thing you mentioned in the article.

joker_

joker_

Minneapolis, MN
October 2005

SEP 04, 2007 05:21 PM

Flux thank you for that.

For some reason while reading it I was reminded of Chimeras. Since the DNA of an organism can blend...

whoah, too many thoughts, brain shut down.

So much we don't know because we just throw the research away or think it isn't important or possible. It is always exciting to see what might be around the corner.

Vampirate

Vampirate

Durham, NC
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 05:35 PM

Moneyshot29 said:

Garfish said:
Hmm... does this mean that one day, potentially, specially altered bacteria could be used for gene therapy OR more importantly giving me x-ray vision?




That's a possibility, but I don't think that will really be in the works for quite a long time. Currently most work in the gene therapy field is using viruses, which are incredibly simple where as bacteria are quite complex. Keep It Simple, Stupid! I think viruses are still the way to go for gene therapy. That being said... I could be wrong smile


It's not a matter of simple/complex; it's a matter of mechanism. Viruses reproduce by actively inserting their DNA in a host's cells, taking it over and forcing the cell to make copies of the virus. Wolbachia (and similar parasites actually categorized as "alive") do not, as a matter of normal function, exchange genetic material with their hosts. Bacterial DNA spliced into a host's genetic code is a much rarer phenomenon. (Although, I guess, not quite as rare as we thought!)

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