• news
  • FRIDAY AUGUST 8 2008 12:30 PM

Russian and Georgian Forces Clash in Ossetia

Tags: Russia, war

"Russia is fighting a war with us in our own territory," Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili announced today.

Reuters reported today that the Russian military has entered into territory claimed by the Republic of Georgia - what is currently a breakaway region known as South Ossetia. Russian tanks are currently clashing with Georgian forces in South Ossetia and the Russian airforce is striking targets in Georgia proper.

Russia's decision to use force stemmed most immediately from Georgia's attack on the Ossetian capital of Tskhinvali yesterday. Conflict over spy drones, mutual sniper attacks, and artillery shelling has marred Russian-Georgian relations in the preceding weeks and months.

Russia claims that Georgia is to blame for the fighting:

Saakashvili rejected Russian assertions that the fighting was sparked by events in South Ossetia, where Moscow accuses Georgian forces of aggressive action against Russian peacekeepers and others.


Meanwhile, the Georgian president accuses Russian forces of intentionally targeting civilians and dismisses the Russian claims.

For those not familiar with politics of the south Caucasus, Georgia is an independent nation that borders Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. The nation is known for its excellent wines (like kindzmarauli and kvanchkara), spicy cuisine, and being the birthplace of Iosif Dzhugashvili - better known as Stalin. The landscape of Georgia is beautiful and it is home to four UNESCO cultural heritage sites. The population of Georgia is overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox and has been Christian since Roman times. It is also the home to 12 different living languages (plus Russian and Armenian) and at least 18 distinct ethnic groups.

Russian-Georgian relations date back to the early 1860s, when King Herekle asked for Russian aid (as a fellow Orthodox nation) to secure their independence against both the Ottoman Turks and the Qajar Persians who competed for dominance of the Caucasus. Russia, under Catherine the Great, repeatedly failed to honor military obligations to Herekle but due to court intrigue, the aging monarch feared for the survival of his dynasty. Consequently, he signed the Treaty of Georgievsk in 1873, making Russia the protector of the eastern half of modern Georgia. Under Paul I, Russia formally annexed eastern Georgia in 1801 and conquered the rest within 10 years. The nation remained part of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union (with the exception of a brief independence following the collapse of the Romanov dynasty) until 1991, when Georgia declared its independence.

Things were not rosy* for post-independence Georgia, however, as even the former Soviet dissident and human rights activist Zviad Gamsakhurdia ruled in an authoritarian manner (even accusing his enemies of "sabotage" and treason). After his ouster by a violent coup, the opposition forces appointed Eduard Shevardnadze as president of the nation. His rule was likewise characterized by corruption and nepotism, leading to his peaceful ouster in the Rose Revolution of 2003. Russian Foreign Minister Ivanov negotiated the resignation of Gamsakhurdia in a summit meeting with the Georgian president and the opposition (including pro-Western and American-educated current president Mikheil Saakashvili).

While political representation has taken a turn for the better in the past five years in Georgia, the country is plagued with problems. Almost half of the population lives beneath the poverty line. Corruption and crime are rampant. More importantly - two regions of Georgia broke away after the 1991 independence: South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Following Saakashvili's campaign promises to clamp down on separatism, the leader of the autonomous region of Adjara also threatened to secede, leading to another crisis. While Georgia resolved the Adjara crisis peacefully, it was defeated militarily in its campaigns in both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Georgia cannot exert military control over either region, largely due to Russian support of the separatists. Both of these conflicts led to slaughter of innocent civilians by all sides and ended in ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population in the breakaway regions.

South Ossetia continues to be a problem for Russian-Georgian relations. The UN, EU, and NATO refuse to recognize South Ossetia as an independent nation, while Russia extends visas to the population. Georgia hopes to suppress the Ossetian de facto independence and Saakashvili is under pressure from the public to do so. Meanwhile, Russia backs South Ossetia as a means of exerting power over Georgia and countering American influence in the region.

America, in fact, is deeply involved in the Russian-Georgian conflict at least in the eyes of the two players. Following George W. Bush's visit to Tbilisi in 2005, the Georgians renamed the street by their airport to "George W. Bush avenue." As a Reuters article notes, the United States has 120 soldiers in Georgia. President Saakashvili asserts that the influence of the US is even deeper, though. According to him, the latest Russian-Georgian conflict:

... is not about Georgia anymore. It's about America, its values.


He continued to say:

They made no secret. The are unhappy with our closeness with the United States, with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the West in general.


Meanwhile, the NY Times reports that:

Georgia is also valuable to Washington because it is an ally in the Iraq war. With 2,000 troops in Iraq, it is the third-largest contributor of troops there, after the United States and Britain.


The United States will have difficulty remaining uninvolved, especially given Georgia's immediate decision to pull these troops out of Iraq.

US Presidential candidate John McCain has called on Russia to withdraw from Georgia and asks for an emergency UN Security Council meeting (Note: one already took place 12 hours before he called for it). Some bloggers are already claiming that this event will increase McCain's rating in polls because of his hawkish stance.

*Yeah, that's a pun on Georgia's Rose Revolution...

 

Previous

PAGE: 

1 ... 

5 | 6 | 7 | 8

Next

Comments
bean

bean

STAFF

Los Angeles, CA

AUG 14, 2008 07:40 PM

Volkov said:
those provinces have effectively been under Russian control for a couple of years now anyway. They've had "peacekeeping" forces stationed there for a few years now.
Basically the agreement is to go back to the ante bellum status...which puts those provinces in Russian control.

this sucks for the Georgian president who was elected under the idea that he would bring these provinces back in. Like an idiot he tried to use force rather than convince them by offering a limited autonomy and economic gain. The people in those provinces don't like Russia any more than they do Georgia, but they are playing for Russia support to stave off Georgian dominance....in a few years they'll probably do the reverse. much good that it would do them.


the real concern at this point is when the Russian troops will leave Georgia proper. there are all kinds of mixed reports of Russian forces still hanging around outside of Georgian cities well beyond the borders of Abkhazia and Ossetia.


Yep.

vermicious_knid

vermicious_knid

Shreveport, LA
February 2008

AUG 14, 2008 10:27 PM


I've done much research on this topic and tempered it with understandings of previous historical clandestine military maneuvers.

My personal take on this well timed event is that the neocons and their allies in Israel want to engage Iran before Bush leaves office. The neocons want to forestall a direct and hot war with Asia. They see it as an endgame, not a first move. They (neocons) realize that a strike upon Iran will precipitate a guaranteed Russian response (so do the neolibs, which is why they like this event too.)

If the Anglo-American establishment can tie Russia up with war fronts on its Southern and Western borders with former USSR members or drag NATO into a conflict, then they can hit Iran with no abandon. Russia will be too pre-occupied with its own border troubles to adequately respond, particularly if the most logistically sound path lies through a path surrounded by well armed and hostile Georgians.

Coincidentally, they also have several carrier groups that have moved into the Iranian coastal theatre at the same time that Georgia attacked Russia.


Bottom line - Georgia attacked Russia. Russia, realizing - yeah they read the same documents that I do too - that they are being surrounded, closed in on, and rightfully launched a counteroffensive.

I want you to understand this key facet : Our media, as a buried sidenote will shamefully admit that Georgia (backed by the US) started this fucking shit.

However, 90% of the coverage in your media is about how awful Russia is for striking back decisively, peppered with pictures of dead, crying people, and hollow eulogies about politically charged words like "freedom."

It is a fucking lie. Please understand it. Even if you can't grasp the Iraq WMD lie or the bankrupt, discredited idiotic mythology of the 9/11fairy tale - please grasp this one.

Georgia, as a puppet NWO faction attacked first.

Georgia's president will gleefully tell you that he is with "the new world order" and that his preemptive attack plays a role in that agenda.



The CFR, that organization's president, and the Wall St. Journal will gleefully tell you that this staged confrontation is about "the new world order."


There are two competing factions jockeying for the right to control what they refer to as the new world order.

There is the "right wing" group (neo-cons) that believes the correct and most efficient path to their new world order lies in occupying and physically dominating the resource rich, colonial regions of the world - ie - the middle east, Africa, and Latin America - with the militaries of the London/New York/Tel Aviv axis before finally closing in on the final pieces of isolated Asia.

There is a "left wing" group (neo-libs) that believes that the correct and most efficient path to their new world order lies in skipping the above steps and fast-forwarding to a direct confrontation with Russia while it is reeling and China before it can fully develop. Once those powers are completely eliminated, the other destitute 3rd world regions will then completely fall into place as isolated and undeveloped, requiring little effort to dominate.

The only real difference is the timeline that the two factions operate on.

Whatever their differences in strategic approach, both have the same ultimate goal - and roughly use the same cloak and dagger techniques in the current interim.

They both use international agreements like NATO and the UN. They both use lending institutions like the World Bank and IMF. They both promote things like NAFTA/WTO and "free trade" - which translates as centralized international corporations looting the fuck out of the third world while eliminating the local economies, production capacities, and middle classes of the first world (including the one you live in.)

If you want the right wing (McCain and the neo-cons) version of what the new world order is - they'll disclose it piece by piece in a 1998 think tank study paper called "Rebuilding America's Defenses."

I guess too many people read it and were horrified by it, what with its calls for racial bioweapons, first strike (i.e. "sneak") nuclear attacks, inside job style fake terror attacks inside America, etc... and all kinds of other evil things - that PNAC decided to pull it down from their website. You can still find copies of it though with creative googling. Oh yeah, those authors are still in the White house with many of them in the McCain brass.


If you want the more nuanced, seductive, good will coaxing, total fraud, trilateral commission opus, considerably more dangerous since it doesn't involve beating up poorly trained and poorly armed 3rd world Muslims but rather engaging in a full frontal assault the fully equipped Asian nuclear powers who can strike back, left wing version (Obama and his revanchist Russia hating, al-quaeda forming, Iran revolution backing, puppet master Brzezinski) pick up The Grand Chessboard.

^^^^^^ That is what you will be getting with an Obama presidency.

The vision of a founding trilateralist, literally working for the same people, but telling you that the proposal of imposed austerity ( the shit about SUVs, food, and thermostats - or going to Europe and demanding global sacrifice while you make threads about this fucking horseshit) is in your interests and not in those, who the little foundation fraud is fronting for as fake opposition meant to capitalize upon the public disgust of their now bug-zappered neocon partnership, and who are also down with totally raping the fuck out of the planet.

Oh and by the way - you'll probably get nuclear war as he shifts the troops to what Brzezinski refers to as "the global balkans" of Central Asia. He wants to expand the war into Pakistan. He wants to aid Georgia, include Ukraine in NATO, etc...

Time is short. Things are about to get bad.

bean

bean

STAFF

Los Angeles, CA

AUG 14, 2008 11:00 PM

vermicious_knid said:
Time is short. Things are about to get bad.



vermicious_knid

vermicious_knid

Shreveport, LA
February 2008

AUG 14, 2008 11:41 PM

bean said:

vermicious_knid said:
Time is short. Things are about to get bad.





I've laid it out for you. I've pointed you in the right directions. There is a "new world order."

It is no coincidence that this phrase keeps resurfacing.

Cecil Rhodes, Lionel Curtis, Lord Halifax, Lord Balfour, the Cliveden set, and Lord Milner committed themselves to it. (google any one of their names)

The british crown commissioned eugencists and futurists to write about their new world order. One of their chief propagandists, HG Wells, even wrote books - literally one called THE NEW WORLD ORDER - about why the global imposition and facelift of England's feudal system, titles, and bureaucracies "new world order" would be wonderful for every human permitted to live post-eugenic racial cleansing and military domination, after their positioned class politically unworked the renaissance and sent the middle classes, that have historically threatened and replaced sitting elites, back to a refracted, centralized, and rationed latifundia style manorial servitude, while condemning the lesser races in the undeveloped world to perpetual servitude, eugenics, sterilization, and extermination.

Bill Clinton's personal and worshiped mentor (Carrol Quigley) writes books about who the real lever pullers are, concludes that they are good, and any learned man should be sympathetic to their cause.

GHWB talks about NWO. His kid GWB talks about NWO. So do Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Clinton, Obama, Hitler, Churchill, etc... and now this little pawn Saakashvili - you've got the WSJ running pieces about the new world order, the London Independent, etc...

I didn't invent this term. I didn't craft the anglophile network's agenda and value system.

****All I can do is shout, jump up and down, and point to it every time that it displays and admits itself publicly.***

If you don't have the rational faculties beyond that after being directed - well fuck man - maybe they are right and you deserve their top down eugenics programs and slavery.

If it doesn't exist, why do these powerful people keep claiming it does ?

If it is good and sweet, why the subterfuge and all of these horrible documents that reveal that "the new world order" is anything of the sort ?

motorfirebox

motorfirebox

Pittsburgh, PA
March 2004

AUG 15, 2008 04:28 AM

stay tuned: next up, vermicious_knid will tell us about the 4 simultaneous 24 hour days within a single rotation of Earth, and how we've all been educated evil!

Volkov

Volkov

San Antonio, TX
OLD SKOOL

AUG 19, 2008 04:44 AM

As of yesterday independent and AP news sources are reporting that, not only are Russian troops still camped outside of Georgian cities, they have been systematically dismantling Georgia's infrastructure and military and police capabilities.

Russia has been accused of bombing a vital railway bridge as recently as Saturday, to which the Russians replied "what? that?...ummm...it was like that when we got here."

The Russian forces have been walking into Georgian military bases and police stations and tearing them apart, exploding stockpiled munitions, destroying weapons and communications equipment, and tearing apart buildings. They have also sunk Georgia's few Coast Guard boats in the Black Sea port town of Poti and are blockading the major East/West Highway that connects the government in Tiblisi with the rest of Georgia.

all of this despite signing a cease-fire agreement that stated that Russian troops would return to their poitions from before the start of the conflict.

rather than pulling back, Russia actually seems to be expanding its presence throughout Georgia.


There was growing concern that the Kremlin plans to exploit ambiguities in the Sarkozy-drafted agreement to justify a semi-permanent presence inside Georgia's borders. Moscow today indicated it intended to deploy its forces under an internationally brokered peace agreement in 1999, allowing Russia a generous "security zone".

The zone extends nine miles around Tskhinvali and allows a "corridor" into Georgian areas. The document was designed to end the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and agreed by a joint control commission, an international body. The Georgian foreign minister, Tkeshelashvili, said the 1999 deal only allowed Russia a maximum of 500 peacekeepers, not to garrison towns or set up checkpoints.

South Ossetian militias yesterday said they had no intention of handing back territory. On Saturday the militias, supported by Russian heavy armour, seized Akhalgori, 25 miles north-west of Tbilisi. "This is now ours. It's Ossetian land," a militia spokesman said yesterday morning.

The town was under the control of South Ossetia's interior ministry and police administration, he said. The Georgian flag had been replaced by a white, red and yellow Ossetian one



Akhalgori is slightly north but actually well east of Gori and well into what is normally Georgian land.

Adroitbeing

Adroitbeing

I'm lost
September 2003

AUG 19, 2008 08:44 AM

Volkov said:
systematically dismantling Georgia's infrastructure and military and police capabilities.


SOP; and we would behave in exactly the same way.

Volkov

Volkov

San Antonio, TX
OLD SKOOL

AUG 19, 2008 09:27 AM

well. that makes it okay then.








whatever

Adroitbeing

Adroitbeing

I'm lost
September 2003

AUG 19, 2008 11:37 AM

Volkov said:
well. that makes it okay then.

whatever



It suggests that people who live in glass houses...

Volkov

Volkov

San Antonio, TX
OLD SKOOL

AUG 19, 2008 11:39 AM

...shouldn't revert to over-simplification of an issue in order to bypass any meaningful discussion of it?

bean

bean

STAFF

Los Angeles, CA

AUG 19, 2008 11:45 AM

Is a scorched earth policy standard operating procedure, too?

KURTA, Georgia, Aug 19 (Reuters) - Acrid smoke fills the air along a winding road that leads to the Georgian rebel town of Tskhinvali. Some local people call it the smell of revenge.

"This is the Ossetians burning the Georgian villages," said one man, a driver who identified himself as Umar. "Unfortunately the time for revenge has come."

Months of tension over South Ossetia escalated into fierce fighting this month after Georgia tried to recapture the breakaway, pro-Russian region and Moscow responded with crushing military force.

Russian troops drove out a Georgian force that briefly seized parts of South Ossetia, but mutual resentment is still running high in this tiny sliver of land in the Caucasus.

And the fact the separatists and their Russian backers now control pockets of the region that until now were under Tbilisi's control and populated by ethnic Georgians has unleashed a wave of destruction.

A Reuters reporter travelling through villages near the rebel capital Tskhinvali that were historically populated by South Ossetia's ethnic Georgian minority said many houses and cars were on fire. Some Georgian villages were completely deserted.

In one village, Kurta, two bulldozers operated by men in fatigues were seen demolishing village huts, raising columns of dust into the air and knocking down electricity poles.



CS Monitor: Georgian villages ransacked

Georgian villages north of the South Ossetian capital of Tskhinvali did not fare as well. Rena Effendi, a freelance photographer who just returned from a Russian-sponsored journalist tour of the Georgian breakaway region, recalls the overwhelming stench of burning bodies as she traveled south from the town of Kurta.

"There was nothing left of the village. Many homes were still burning," she says. "I'll never forget that smell."

Dazed ethnic Georgian refugees tell stories of how they hid in basements while Ossetian and Chechen marauders ransacked their possessions, of neighbors being shot and of homes being torched.

Those who could ran with nothing but the clothes on their backs while those too old and feeble remained behind.

"They poured gasoline on houses and lit them on fire every day," says Alexi Datashvili, one of some two dozen elderly and feeble residents who fled to Gori from the Georgian villages of Tamarsheni, Khekvi, Achaveli, and Kurta.

"The Russians were normal. The Ossetians stole cows, pianos, cars... and killed everything. There is not a person, a dog, a chicken left alive," Mr. Datashvili grieved. "It's genocide."

Adroitbeing

Adroitbeing

I'm lost
September 2003

AUG 19, 2008 04:16 PM

Volkov said:
...shouldn't revert to over-simplification of an issue in order to bypass any meaningful discussion of it?



I think my previous statements made quite clear that the issue is actually quite simple. I cannot imagine agreeing with nearly anything Patrick Buchannan has to say; except I think he gets this right:

A resurgent Russia is no threat to any vital interests of the United States. It is a threat to an American Empire that presumes some God-given right to plant U.S. military power in the backyard or on the front porch of Mother Russia.

Who rules Abkhazia and South Ossetia is none of our business. And after this madcap adventure of Saakashvili, why not let the people of these provinces decide their own future in plebiscites conducted by the United Nations or the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe?

As for Saakashvili, he's probably toast in Tbilisi after this stunt. Let the neocons find him an endowed chair at the American Enterprise Institute.



Volkov

Volkov

San Antonio, TX
OLD SKOOL

AUG 19, 2008 05:46 PM

that's more like it. smile

I agree that a resurgent Russia isn't a threat to the US. In fact, a healthy Russia is good for everyone. However, a fervently nationalistic Russia with an erratic and belligerent leader isn't. And it's not just the United States that is worried. NATO in general is looking on with concern, as is the UN. The UN collectively drafted another resolution requiring Russia to abide by the cease-fire and return their troops to the positions that they held before August 6th. This is an agreement that Russia has already made, and rather than carry it out, they have been victimizing the country of Georgia.

Russia has even less of an interest in Abkhazia and South Ossetia than Georgia does. This is about punishing Georgia and not about Russia's desire to defend the two provinces, who it knows like them only marginally better than they like Georgia. But I agree...and have said several times here...that Georgia will lose Abkhazia and South Ossetia, largely because of the bellicose incompetence of Saakashvili. That doesn't mean that Russia gets to occupy Georgia indefinitely when it's already agreed under pressure from Europe at large..not just the United States...to leave.

Even if Georgia is able to maintain its pipeline, it hardly challanges Russian dominance of Central Asian Natural Gas supplies flowing to the West. The only thing it does is provide an alternative for when Russia does something like, say, turn off supplies to the Czech Republic as a means of punishment for having the audacity to do what they want within their own country.

This Georgian crisis in the context of the way Russia has been treating many nations that used to be in its sphere of influence, along with its moves to become a controlling supplier of things like energy and grain is troubling. Saying "It's no business of ours." is tantamount to sticking one's head in the sand.

Adroitbeing

Adroitbeing

I'm lost
September 2003

AUG 19, 2008 10:35 PM

Volkov said:
that's more like it. smile

I agree that a resurgent Russia isn't a threat to the US. In fact, a healthy Russia is good for everyone. However, a fervently nationalistic Russia with an erratic and belligerent leader isn't. And it's not just the United States that is worried. NATO in general is looking on with concern, as is the UN. The UN collectively drafted another resolution requiring Russia to abide by the cease-fire and return their troops to the positions that they held before August 6th. This is an agreement that Russia has already made, and rather than carry it out, they have been victimizing the country of Georgia.


And Russia, holding veto power just like the US has stuck down all UN resolutions. I am going to stick with the pattern recognition theme here! This, like many other behavioral issues is going to haunt us for some time.

Russia has even less of an interest in Abkhazia and South Ossetia than Georgia does. This is about punishing Georgia and not about Russia's desire to defend the two provinces, who it knows like them only marginally better than they like Georgia. But I agree...and have said several times here...that Georgia will lose Abkhazia and South Ossetia, largely because of the bellicose incompetence of Saakashvili. That doesn't mean that Russia gets to occupy Georgia indefinitely when it's already agreed under pressure from Europe at large..not just the United States...to leave.


This may be the bargaining chip Russia seeks. The NATO statement is largely without teeth, more accurately reflecting EU sentiment than US sentiment. Russia likely has no desire to see Abkhazia or Ossetia become Russian republics and will promise the return of these areas to Georgia in exchange for certain commitments from the EU regarding NATO expansion.

This Georgian crisis in the context of the way Russia has been treating many nations that used to be in its sphere of influence, along with its moves to become a controlling supplier of things like energy and grain is troubling. Saying "It's no business of ours." is tantamount to sticking one's head in the sand.


Fair enough; we should be observers and influencers. However, our ability to drive economic and military decisions on the strength of our economic influence is waning and emerging or re-emerging economies are going to increase the amount of influence they have over the flow of oil, gas, and food.

We may be entering a very real war to determine who will control natural resources sufficient to sustain their economies, which will make Russian tanks rolling across Georgia look like child's play.

SockPuppet

SockPuppet

I'm lost
July 2006

AUG 20, 2008 02:22 AM

Adroitbeing said:

Volkov said:
that's more like it. smile

I agree that a resurgent Russia isn't a threat to the US. In fact, a healthy Russia is good for everyone. However, a fervently nationalistic Russia with an erratic and belligerent leader isn't. And it's not just the United States that is worried. NATO in general is looking on with concern, as is the UN. The UN collectively drafted another resolution requiring Russia to abide by the cease-fire and return their troops to the positions that they held before August 6th. This is an agreement that Russia has already made, and rather than carry it out, they have been victimizing the country of Georgia.


And Russia, holding veto power just like the US has stuck down all UN resolutions. I am going to stick with the pattern recognition theme here! This, like many other behavioral issues is going to haunt us for some time.

Russia has even less of an interest in Abkhazia and South Ossetia than Georgia does. This is about punishing Georgia and not about Russia's desire to defend the two provinces, who it knows like them only marginally better than they like Georgia. But I agree...and have said several times here...that Georgia will lose Abkhazia and South Ossetia, largely because of the bellicose incompetence of Saakashvili. That doesn't mean that Russia gets to occupy Georgia indefinitely when it's already agreed under pressure from Europe at large..not just the United States...to leave.


This may be the bargaining chip Russia seeks. The NATO statement is largely without teeth, more accurately reflecting EU sentiment than US sentiment. Russia likely has no desire to see Abkhazia or Ossetia become Russian republics and will promise the return of these areas to Georgia in exchange for certain commitments from the EU regarding NATO expansion.

This Georgian crisis in the context of the way Russia has been treating many nations that used to be in its sphere of influence, along with its moves to become a controlling supplier of things like energy and grain is troubling. Saying "It's no business of ours." is tantamount to sticking one's head in the sand.


Fair enough; we should be observers and influencers. However, our ability to drive economic and military decisions on the strength of our economic influence is waning and emerging or re-emerging economies are going to increase the amount of influence they have over the flow of oil, gas, and food.

We may be entering a very real war to determine who will control natural resources sufficient to sustain their economies, which will make Russian tanks rolling across Georgia look like child's play.



Indeed. Which is a very good reason to reduce dependence on crude oil, ASAP. (Not just imported crude oil. All crude oil. And when I say "reduce", I mean "by 50% or more".)

Previous

PAGE: 

1 ... 

5 | 6 | 7 | 8

Next