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- TUESDAY JANUARY 17 2006 10:00 AM
Okinawa: Is Massive U.S. Military Presence There Necessary?
Submitted by halbermensch
Edited by halbermensch
A United States jet fighter crashed near Okinawa
Prefecture (Japan), according to Japan's Crisscross News. The pilot ejected from the plane and survived. The F-15 is a costly jet, with estimates running around $40 million. U.S. military occupation of Okinawa has been a longstanding issue between the United States and Japan, since the U.S. occupied the territory since World War II. Okinawans speak a separate language and maintain a distinctive culture from mainland Japan. While the pilot's life was fortunately saved, the crash arrives at a time when the U.S. and Japan are reevaluating U.S. presence in the region. A brief, admittedly incomplete, analysis of the history and problems involving U.S. occupation of the islands can highlight the problematic nature of U.S. presence in the region. This is not an in-depth analysis of the crash, but rather, an attempt to analyze more deeply embedded problems before another, more calamitous tragedy takes place. A Wikipedia article notes (correctly):
The islands that now make up Okinawa Prefecture were formerly not part of Japan, but part of an independent nation called the Ryūkyū Kingdom. Okinawa's location in the East China Sea, and relatively close proximity to Japan, Korea, China and South East Asia allowed the Ryūkyū Kingdom to become a prosperous trading nation. The many castle ruins that dot the island date from this period. However, in 1609 the Japanese Satsuma clan, who controlled the region that is now Kagoshima Prefecture, invaded. Following this invasion, although the Ryūkyū Kingdom remained nominally independent, it was effectively under the control of the Satsuma. In 1879, following the Meiji Restoration, the Ryūkyū Kingdom was abolished and became Okinawa Prefecture.
Following the end of World War II and the Battle of Okinawa in 1945, for 27 years Okinawa was under US administration. During this time the US military established numerous bases on Okinawa Honto and elsewhere.
On May 15, 1972, Okinawa once again became part of Japan, although to this day the US maintains a large military presence there: more than 37,240 US military personnel and dependents, including 14,460 Marines, are still based there. While they provide a source of revenue for the island's 1.3 million residents, they are also a source of considerable tension.
In total, the region is just over 1,000 kilometers, but houses nearly 40,000 U.S. military personnel. The recent U.S. crash directs long-standing public attention to the occupation within Japan, although it was not as perilous as many incidents in the Prefecture. Japan and the United States are arranging a senior level working meeting, with reduction of troops as a focus.
The Japan Times writes:
The meeting came ahead of Defense Agency Director General Fukushiro Nukaga's visit to Washington for talks Tuesday with U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
The two-day discussion is expected to have highlighted ways to carry out the removal of 7,000 U.S. Marines in Okinawa and an alternative plan to relocate the helicopter operations at Futenma Air Station within the prefecture.
This Air Station is accompanied by Kadena Air Base, Marine Core Base Camp Smedley, Camps Courtney, Foster, Hansen, Kinser, McTureus, Schwab, the Northern Training Area, Naha Military Port, Naval Facility White Beach, Torii Station, and a Naval Hospital. Most may assume that military expenditures fall completely upon the U.S. for its bases there.
However, the bases function off of what the Pentagon terms as "sympathy budget" or "host nation support". Put differently, Japan pays for the U.S. occupation of Okinawa, while Okinawan citizens are far less favorable about the presence in the region. Forty-five years after the end of World War II, the U.S. remains there, at the physical and fiscal expense of Okinawan taxpayers.
Many have questioned whether U.S. military presence in the area is necessary for protection of Japan or its containment.
Is Okinawa, as Chalmers Johnson claims, "Asia's Last Colony"? Johnson (who served for the U.S. Navy stationed in Japan) writes,
Few Americans who have never served in the armed forces overseas have any conception of the nature or impact of an American base complex, with its massive military facilities, post exchanges, dependents' housing estates, swimming pools, golf courses, and the associated bars, strip clubs, whorehouses, and veneral disease clinics that they attract in a land like Okinawa.
Okinawans' antagonistic relations with U.S. military personnel have been highlighted by a highly publicized case involving the rape and kidnapping of a twelve year old girl by three U.S. military personnel in 1995. While Okinawa was militarily significant during WWII and the Korean War, its utility since then is questionable at best.
Why is U.S. presence there viewed as highly problematic by many of the 1.3 million people living in these 454 mile islands? Unfortunately, the U.S. usually holds jurisdiction over military crimes there. The conservative Nihon Keizai Shimbun newspaper notes that U.S. servicemen
Were implicated in 4,716 crimes between 1972 and 1995, just under a crime a day during General Myers' command.....
While the incidence of reported rape in the United States is foty-one for every one hundred thousand people, at the military bases of Okinawa it is eight-two per one hundred thousand people.
It is incredibly difficult to report rape for anyone, in any region of the world. This problem is accentuated by added cultural pressures Okinawan women experience to report rape at all. Since then, the Okinawan Women Act Against Military Violence movement has been formed. Tens of thousands of Okinawan native citizens have protested U.S. occupation of the territory. The American Peace Caravan writes,
While Okinawa Prefecture composes only 0.6% of the total land area of Japan, it bears the burden of 75% of the total U.S. military presence in Japan.
Under the exceedingly unjust treatment by the Japanese government, the Okinawan
people have suffered through the 27 years of U.S. military control and 23 years since Okinawa's reversion to Japan. Their livelihood and human rights have been
violated throughout the 50 years of the postwar era by high-level noise pollution from military drills, aircraft accidents, environmental destruction,
and the many crimes committed by U.S. military personnel. Since Okinawa's reversion to Japan in 1972, the total number of officially confirmed crimes and
incidents numbers over 4,700, with 509 of those being particularly brutal.
The U.S. military has a history of environmental destruction (firing of uranium depleted bullets throughout the area), extensive noise pollution, and criminal acts against citizens in the region. Even worse, for the most part, regardless of circumstance, the U.S. is answerable only to itself. The survival of the pilot who crashed the F-15 is a blessing (postings on Okinawan and Japanese news reports on the incident by readers are often much less forgiving). As the U.S. resumes talks with Japan over its presence in the region, American citizens can be better informed about the scope, nature, and dimensions of U.S. occupation of Okinawa.




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Comments
theseeman
Asheville, NC
December 2002
JAN 17, 2006 10:34 AM
GramNegative
I'm lost
October 2004
JAN 17, 2006 10:58 AM
liquidflorian
San Jose, CA
January 2004
JAN 17, 2006 11:09 AM
benizdead
United Kingdom
February 2003
JAN 17, 2006 11:37 AM
neverender
Pleasanton, CA
January 2003
JAN 17, 2006 11:53 AM
Ecto_Cooler
Bronx, NY
April 2004
JAN 17, 2006 01:45 PM
lil_tuffy
MODERATOR
San Francisco, CA
JAN 17, 2006 02:24 PM
halbermensch
Chicago, IL
December 2005
JAN 17, 2006 02:32 PM
Ecto_Cooler
Bronx, NY
April 2004
JAN 17, 2006 03:39 PM
GramNegative
I'm lost
October 2004
JAN 17, 2006 03:47 PM
Dead_Ringer
I'm lost
September 2004
JAN 17, 2006 03:53 PM
Ecto_Cooler
Bronx, NY
April 2004
JAN 17, 2006 03:57 PM
GramNegative
I'm lost
October 2004
JAN 17, 2006 04:06 PM
Dead_Ringer
I'm lost
September 2004
JAN 17, 2006 04:12 PM
private_grave
Belgium
April 2005
JAN 17, 2006 07:33 PM
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