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  • WEDNESDAY MAY 7 2008 6:00 AM

It's a Plastic Fantastic World!

Imagine sailing across the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. You are hundreds of miles from the rest of humanity, cruising the North Pacific Gyre, the converging vortex of oceanic currents that covers ten million square miles between East Asia and North America. You might just be the farthest possible distance from any other human on earth. The. Middle. Of. Nowhere.

And you are sailing a sea of trash.

It has come to be known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. At the center of the gyre collects the trash that both Asia and America spill into the sea. The majority is our fantastic plastic, wonderfully photodegradable into tiny particles that, on a molecular level, never stop being plastic. An area the size of Texas (the conservative estimate), or twice that of the continental United States (a more expansive one), in the middle of the fucking ocean, is full of our polymers.

Ocean researcher Charles Moore has been studying the patch for years, estimating that in the center of it is something like one million miniscule pieces of plastic per square mile. (Remember, of course, that this is not just a few square miles but around a million.) Recently, the good folks at VBS.tv, the televisionary subsidiary of Vice Magazine, went on board with Moore to go document "Garbage Island" themselves. Thomas Morton of Vice describes the samples he pulled up with the crew (a merry band that keeps it interesting over the week-long haul to the center of the gyre) as, like, "snow globes made of garbage" -- garbage that is eaten by little things that get eaten by bigger things that get eaten by us. The documentary is absolutely shocking and incredible and disgusting, and I can't recommend that you watch it enough.

This is the part of the trip that weighs heaviest on my mind. It’s terrible enough to litter sections of the planet with things that can conceivably be removed—I mean, even oil spills and radioactive dust can be cleaned up to a certain extent. But to fundamentally alter the composition of seawater at one of the farthest points from civilization on the globe is a whole different ballpark of fucking the planet. It’s fucking it right up the ass, for good and forever. Without lube.



However, I will warn you in advance that you will get really fucking mad.
Ever since I first heard about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, I have been hyper-aware of how ridiculously and precariously we deal with the world. Humanity, the pack of glorified monkeys that we are, has decided to see no evil. Places that might have never been seen by human eyes are already full of our refuse.

Efforts to clean up the large pieces have been haphazard at best. But the majority of the plastic littering the ocean are the tiny bits so poetically known as "mermaid tears." I can't say I blame the mermaids for crying. Or the albatross for hanging 'round our collective neck. Because by and large, we can't fix this mess.

80% of the plastic in the gyre comes from land; it's not the cruising bourgeoisie. It's everybody in California and Japan who has ever thrown out a plastic bottle or a spork. We are colonizing the sea with our garbage. It is beautiful and terrible irony that this garbage climbs up the food chain so that we end up ingesting it (and all those lovely flavors it has). We are saturating the world and ourselves with our wickedness and then feasting upon it.

While trying to figure out the angle I wanted to take with this article (besides, you know, complete unabashed horror and disgust), the good old Anglo myth of the Sin-Eater came to mind. Instead of absolution through handing sin-tainted bread to the beggar or village fool (or maybe we're all the fools now; I don't know), we are caught in a complex cycle of consuming our own transgressions. We are eating our own sins; they saturate the earth.

Like I've said before; we've got to learn how to sacrifice. As I write this, my adopted home of North Carolina is taking in ballots for the Democratic primary. I console myself in thinking that, hey, at least if Obama doesn't win we'll be one step closer to apocalypse. I don't want to give up on humanity just yet, but if massive catastrophe goes down, at least Mama Earth will get a little break.

And then I realize: God damn, I'm a cynic.

Ever upward, I guess.


Flux is wishing that she had come up with this angle sooner. "A vote against Obama is a vote for Ragnarok" is so catchy!

 

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MrStitches

MrStitches

Brooklyn, NY
November 2003

MAY 07, 2008 05:51 PM

SockPuppet said:

Toku666 said:
...and speaking of millions of years? That's about how long speciation to select for digestion of microscopic plastic would take. It wouldn't take long for bacteria or the like (and may well have already happened, based on some other research in that area that I've read) but for it to move much higher on the food chain (complex animals that can make use of what the microscopic creatures convert the plastic into) would easily take "a very long time."



I'd be interested to see sources there. Partly because what you're proposing is plastic-eating bacteria (which would be very interesting and potentially a considerable problem); partly because if you're right then the bacteria will spread very rapidly, since nothing is able to eat them.



I'm too lazy to find a source, but the last time the pacific garbage blob came up on NPR they brought up the same idea. The only reason we have coal now is because ages ago there were no bacteria that could break down wood, so wood that got buried would sit there and turn into coal. Some scientists figure that eventually bacteria will learn to eat plastic the same way it learned to eat wood.

strndniowa

strndniowa

Grimes, IA
May 2007

MAY 07, 2008 06:13 PM

I did know about it, and its pretty disturbing- maybe recycling will do some good if everyone does it but frown
I have got to think that the fast food business is behind a lot of this...I know I can fill a trash can a week with debris from that source that I pick up out of my yard, and lot at work...
With oil prices where they are, does it make sense to harvest all of that processed oil and use it it?
And now onto something else disturbing...Tech Trash

Sydni

Sydni

SUICIDEGIRL

Washington, USA

MAY 07, 2008 06:30 PM

I read that vice article and started trying to convince everyone I know to stop fucking using plastic bottles, and to be more conscious of their recycling habits.

PRockGirlScout

PRockGirlScout

Portland, OR
October 2005

MAY 07, 2008 06:44 PM

coyotemike said:
People might as well stop having kids, because there isn't going to be anything left for them to eat, drink, or breathe.

SPOILERS! (Click to view)

yeah, I know I'm exagerating, but if sometimes feels like it frown



Clearly the Bisphenol A will solve that for us as with enough build-up of it, we won't be able to reproduce anyway.

I am hopeful we will begin to solve this problem in earnest before we get to that point. I do not think we can wait for the unencumbered free market system to foster it.

Like all our other environmental vagaries, it will take political will to fix this:

1)Stop all disposal of plastic and/or replace plastics where possible with alternative "plastic like" materials (i.e. potato/corn starch cutlery/straws and corn "styrofoam") and by mandating recycling with legislation.

2)Support technology that recycles all plastic into reusable commodities, i.e. more plastic or in the case of thermal depolymerization and similar technologies- oil. Plastic eating microbes are also a possibility.

3) Develop filtering systems that will remove plastic from the world's oceans when it washes up on beaches.


TAFKASP

TAFKASP

Oakland, CA
June 2003

MAY 07, 2008 08:25 PM

strndniowa said:
I have got to think that the fast food business is behind a lot of this...I know I can fill a trash can a week with debris from that source that I pick up out of my yard, and lot at work...



I once volunteered for one of those wetland clean-ups near the Berkeley marina, and the one item I saw (and picked up) the most, more than any other piece of refuse detritus that day, were the plastic straws that every fast food restaurant serves up with its drinks. From that day forward, I vowed I would never use another unnecessary straw again.

Of course, as I type this, there is a soft drink in a cup with a straw protruding from it, sitting right next to me on my desk (mocking my resolve and scrutinizing my ability, or rather the lack thereof, to break old habits). So, I think the ultimate culprits in Earth's destruction, more than the fast food industry itself, are the people like me who patron those joints and are too inept to lift a drink that extra two inches to their big, fat, lazy, idiot mouths.

Ragnarök or Bust, yo.

Sadista

Sadista

Charlotte, NC
November 2006

MAY 07, 2008 10:32 PM

SuicidePuppies said:

strndniowa said:
I have got to think that the fast food business is behind a lot of this...I know I can fill a trash can a week with debris from that source that I pick up out of my yard, and lot at work...



I once volunteered for one of those wetland clean-ups near the Berkeley marina, and the one item I saw (and picked up) the most, more than any other piece of refuse detritus that day, were the plastic straws that every fast food restaurant serves up with its drinks. From that day forward, I vowed I would never use another unnecessary straw again.

Of course, as I type this, there is a soft drink in a cup with a straw protruding from it, sitting right next to me on my desk (mocking my resolve and scrutinizing my ability, or rather the lack thereof, to break old habits). So, I think the ultimate culprits in Earth's destruction, more than the fast food industry itself, are the people like me who patron those joints and are too inept to lift a drink that extra two inches to their big, fat, lazy, idiot mouths.

Ragnarök or Bust, yo.



I read about this plastic garbage barge some time ago, and ever since I've vastly reduced the amount of plastic I use (and I recycle whatever's recyclable). Still, I had this drinking-straw addiction. I found Pyrex drinking straws on ebay, and they're fabulous. They're sturdy and dishwasher safe, and I usually carry one in my purse or tote like a crazy person. There are also bamboo and stainless steel straws...the bamboo ones are fun as a novelty, but I don't advise using them unless you like all your drinks to taste like tree bark. blackeyed

LiquidSunset

LiquidSunset

Rancho Cucamonga, CA
August 2006

MAY 07, 2008 11:05 PM

This is one of the saddest and most disgusting things I have ever read. I've never even heard of this before! Wow. frown
Just shows how much oink humans as a species are.

That Simpson's fish with the three eyes will soon be a reality..

crispy

crispy

NEWSWIRE

Philadelphia, PA

MAY 07, 2008 11:13 PM

SPOILERS! (Click to view)

I'm disappointed in all of you.



Seriously, though ... I had no freakin' clue.
Another great article, Flux.

FellOnEarth

FellOnEarth

Temecula, CA
April 2006

MAY 08, 2008 12:41 AM

The Pacific Gyre is only one part of the whole story. Every year, coastal waters are prone to periods of hypoxia (low oxygen) and poisoning caused by harmful algal blooms. Since the beginning of monitoring the blooms, biologists have discovered them in ever increasing frequency, size and duration. HAB's are likely caused by pollution of the freshwater ways that feed into the ocean. Nitrogen-rich run off from over-fertilized fields and sewage combines with warmer temperatures and sunlight are believed to trigger the rapid reproduction of algae, robbing the surrounding water of available oxygen, producing harmful bio-toxins and filtering out sunlight all in one fell swoop. These "blooms" often kill all life in the effected area and can poison others that feed on the carcasses of the deceased. But these killer "tides" aren't the worst of it...

Enter the ocean " creeping dead zones". Further away from the coastline, vast tracts seabed are becoming the depositories for killer slime-filled muck. Anoxic regions (without oxygen) occur naturally in the ocean, but they've been steadily growing and humans are yet again the culprit. Polluted runoff is carried out to sea where the nutrient-rich water feeds the rapid population growth of phytoplankton (sound familiar?) While photosynthesis occurs in the phytoplankton near the surface, the surrounding becomes saturated with oxygen. However, the oxic waters do not spread throughout the environment to benefit the rest of life as would be the norm. In fact, it robs the ocean of oxygen and life. Clouds of organic sediment from the phytoplankton settle to the sea floor, feeding bacteria at the bottom. The surface blooming results in a bottom blooming of bacteria, using up the oxygen and replacing it with carbon dioxide during respiration. These areas have been creeping, following currents into choked and restricted waterways, killing all life within the zone.

There seem to be several key factors involved with the depletion of ocean life - climate change, pollution & over-harvesting among them. Oh I could go on... I could talk about coral bleaching due to increased water temperature and sedimentary pollution (yet again). I could continue on with the destruction of entire aquatic hydrosphere due to the over harvesting of beneficial species (not to mention the certain methods of destructive harvesting, i.e. drift netting, use of chemicals to "stun fish" for use in aquariums, displacement and extinction caused by the introduction of non-native species, the list goes on...) Unfortunately, I don't think many people are as aware of the ecological disaster that is taking place. Sadly, there are those that choose to ignore, deny or be willfully ignorant of the truth...

Toku666

Toku666

Columbus, OH
May 2004

MAY 08, 2008 03:16 AM

SockPuppet said:

Toku666 said:
...and speaking of millions of years? That's about how long speciation to select for digestion of microscopic plastic would take. It wouldn't take long for bacteria or the like (and may well have already happened, based on some other research in that area that I've read) but for it to move much higher on the food chain (complex animals that can make use of what the microscopic creatures convert the plastic into) would easily take "a very long time."



I'd be interested to see sources there. Partly because what you're proposing is plastic-eating bacteria (which would be very interesting and potentially a considerable problem); partly because if you're right then the bacteria will spread very rapidly, since nothing is able to eat them.



Ah, that was a bit misleading on my part. I was referring to the fuel-eating bacterias which are breaking down petroleum in their digestions. Although I have no way of guessing how long it would take, I would still think you would need the amount of time for speciation (even for bacteria that's still a pretty long time) to account for the petroleum in a different form.

Well, somebody's got to start over, right? So millions of years from now, the sentient methane-breathing petroleum-metabolizing "top" lifeforms on the planet will argue whether Xegnax created all life and an "Earth" to go with it, or whether life developed the way it did to account for the environment. wink

ElizaTheTroll

ElizaTheTroll

Australia
January 2006

MAY 08, 2008 06:34 AM

sitar said:




Flux is wishing that she had come up with this angle sooner. "A vote against Obama is a vote for Ragnarok" is so catchy!



which would be awesome if anyone knew what it meant...
elitist!


A strange dude named Loki invited me to it, actually. He said Ragnarök would be a huge party, with lots of booze and naked valkyries.

commonman

commonman

USA
August 2003

MAY 08, 2008 06:42 AM

Toku666 said:
Ah, that was a bit misleading on my part. I was referring to the fuel-eating bacterias which are breaking down petroleum in their digestions. Although I have no way of guessing how long it would take, I would still think you would need the amount of time for speciation (even for bacteria that's still a pretty long time) to account for the petroleum in a different form.


Japanese scientists did, in fact, discover a nylon eating bacteria in the 1970's, which is assumed to be an example of a beneficial mutation that happened in a relatively short period of time.

In 1975 a team of Japanese scientists discovered a strain of Flavobacterium living in ponds containing waste water from a factory producing nylon that was capable of digesting certain byproducts of nylon-6 manufacture, such as the linear dimer of 6-aminohexanoate, even though those substances are not known to have existed prior to the invention of nylon in 1935. Further study revealed that the three enzymes the bacteria were using to digest the byproducts were novel, significantly different from any other enzymes produced by other Flavobacterium strains (or any other bacteria for that matter), and not effective on any other material other than the man made nylon byproducts.[1] This strain of Flavobacterium, Sp. K172, became popularly known as nylon-eating bacteria, and the enzymes were collectively known as nylonase.


Since mutation is essentially a random occurrence in response to certain stimuli, we hopefully may not have to wait a million years for other plastic-eating bacteria to occur.

Darke

Darke

Columbia, MO
June 2005

MAY 08, 2008 07:16 AM

Great article, Flux, One of those undeniable signs of our effect on the planet that can't be explained away as part of the natural cycle.

SockPuppet

SockPuppet

I'm lost
July 2006

MAY 08, 2008 08:43 AM

Toku666 said:

SockPuppet said:

Toku666 said:
...and speaking of millions of years? That's about how long speciation to select for digestion of microscopic plastic would take. It wouldn't take long for bacteria or the like (and may well have already happened, based on some other research in that area that I've read) but for it to move much higher on the food chain (complex animals that can make use of what the microscopic creatures convert the plastic into) would easily take "a very long time."



I'd be interested to see sources there. Partly because what you're proposing is plastic-eating bacteria (which would be very interesting and potentially a considerable problem); partly because if you're right then the bacteria will spread very rapidly, since nothing is able to eat them.



Ah, that was a bit misleading on my part. I was referring to the fuel-eating bacterias which are breaking down petroleum in their digestions. Although I have no way of guessing how long it would take, I would still think you would need the amount of time for speciation (even for bacteria that's still a pretty long time) to account for the petroleum in a different form.

Well, somebody's got to start over, right? So millions of years from now, the sentient methane-breathing petroleum-metabolizing "top" lifeforms on the planet will argue whether Xegnax created all life and an "Earth" to go with it, or whether life developed the way it did to account for the environment. wink



OK, thank you. I suspect that speciation may happen quite a bit faster than that, at least in bacteria, but I have no proof. That was part of my interest.

strndniowa

strndniowa

Grimes, IA
May 2007

MAY 08, 2008 05:24 PM

DarkRocker said:
This is one of the saddest and most disgusting things I have ever read. I've never even heard of this before! Wow. frown
Just shows how much oink humans as a species are.

That Simpson's fish with the three eyes will soon be a reality..



Soon be a reality? Hell I caught that fish in Saylorville Reservoir about three years ago- and oddly haven't been back to fish there again surreal

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