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  • MONDAY SEPTEMBER 3 2007 12:00 PM

Brad Warner's Hardcore Zen: Buddhism Through Violence

While I was in Phoenix, a couple months ago Barry Graham, a Zen teacher in the Rinzai lineage out there turned me on to an article called “Spaces in the Sky” written by Stephen Batchelor in response to the events of September 11, 2001. It originally appeared in the Winter 2001 issue of Tricycle magazine and is now on-line at Batchelor’s website. Barry recalled the article as stating that our right to practice Buddhism is underwritten by violence. That’s not what the article says exactly, but it’s easy to see how he could have remembered it that way. What Batchelor actually says is, “Our freedoms and privileges in a liberal democracy are ultimately guaranteed by the willingness of the state to use violence to protect them.” Later he asks, “Is an open society that tolerates dissent even possible without its being underwritten by violence?”

Batchelor points out that the Buddhist dictum in the Dharmapada that, “Hatred will not cease by hatred but only by love alone” is often used by Buddhists to justify a complacent attitude when their freedom to practice was threatened. Batchelor gives examples of cases where Buddhists have allowed themselves to be massacred in order to uphold their commitment to non-violence. He also points out that Tibet accepted military protection from China hoping they would be allowed to continue practicing their faith without having to protect it militarily themselves. This strategy backfired big time.

Whether Batchelor actually said it in so many words or not the idea that our freedom to practice Buddhism is underwritten by violence is an important one worth looking at closely especially for practitioners in the United States today. In my travels around the country I’ve noticed that most American Buddhists are strongly opposed to President Bush and his military policies. This opposition seems to stem from their notion that, as Buddhists, we must stand opposed to all forms of violence. But I wonder if it’s realistic for Buddhists to be opposed to all forms of violence in the way that most Buddhists in the US conceive of that notion.

Yesterday I got to talk to the members of the band Millions of Dead Cops, a group that the band I was in, Zero Defex, opened up for numerous times in 1982-83. Back then the subject of anarchism used to come up a lot in our discussions of punk philosophy. The idea of anarchy sounded very cool. But, as much as we hated the cops, all of us knew that, whether we wanted to admit it or not, our ability to walk down the streets of Akron, Ohio in 1982 in our green Mohawks and leather jackets was largely underwritten by the threat of violence by the cops against the many rednecks in the area who would likely have massacred us gleefully if not for fear of reprisal by the police. The cops were there to protect our freedom of expression. Were it not for them, the less forward thinking elements of the community might not have been so tolerant of the way we flaunted their conventions. We found this out in a very concrete way when we played a show in a rural town in Southern Ohio and had to be saved by the cops from an angry mob of bearded bikers who didn’t care for the way we looked or the music we played.

In much the same way in the world at large today the freedom we have in Western countries to practice Buddhism -- or indeed many other socially deviant philosophies and practices like punk rock, tattooing, homosexuality and all the rest -- is guaranteed to a large extent by the fact that we are protected by the biggest and scariest military force the world has ever known. There are certainly plenty of folks out there who would like to see us stop practicing whatever beliefs we have and be forced to adopt theirs or die.

The world is a sandbox in back of an elementary school. The exact same dynamics that play out in the playground play out in the world of politics and nations. We need a big bully on our side. That may not be something to be proud of. But it's a fact. To deny that fact is absolutely unrealistic. Buddhism is never unrealistic.

It is true that Buddhism seeks to end the need for the use of violence. However, we can’t jump to the conclusion that if we only just all disarmed everybody would be cool. The problem is to understand why we still need violence to underwrite freedom.

We won’t stop violence by dressing up in paisley frocks and sticking daisies in the barrels of AK-47s. Such action is still motivated by ego. It is based on the idea that I, Mr. Buddhist Pacifist, am better than you, you nasty Republican warmonger. The very same force that makes violence an unavoidable part of human life is the one that tries, through a different kind of violence, to overcome violence. This is really what Buddha meant by saying that hatred is not overcome by hatred. We need to find a way to completely step out of our habitual modes of reaction in order to find the real solution to our very pressing problems.

The only way to do this is to truly understand who we are and to allow that understanding to spread gradually throughout the world. As Buddhists it may not be necessary for we, ourselves, to go out and participate in the violence perpetrated to protect our right to practice -- though there is certainly nothing at all wrong with being a practicing Buddhist and member of the military. But it also does not benefit our practice to stand in the way of the necessary steps being taken to uphold our right to practice.

War is bad. I’m going to write that again just so no one mistakenly thinks I believe otherwise. War is bad. War is very, very bad. It’s a tragedy when non-combatants are injured and killed by war. It’s also a tragedy when combatants are injured and killed by war. I want war to end just as passionately as anyone else. But unrealistic solutions only serve to delay the real solution to the problem. This is an urgent problem, one that requires serious attention. What I see in the pacifist movement more often than not these days, I’m afraid, is a lack of serious commitment to the real ending of war.

Batchelor states that, “One can imagine this verse (about hate only being overcome by love) being intoned by Indian Buddhist monks while their monasteries burned, just as now devout e-mail messages are dispatched to the White House urging restraint and compassion. And just as its sentiments were ineffective in turning back the tide of Muslim aggression in India, so they may be equally ineffective in halting the course of violent retaliation against latter-day Islamic terrorism.”

Right on, brother.

The solution to the problem of violence is complex and I’m not even going to try to outline some course of action right here on Labor Day on Suicide Girls. But I think it’s vital that we understand the way the threat of violence, as well as real violence itself, makes it possible for us to practice. Nuff said, for now.

Here’s where I’ll be in the coming weeks (please don’t get violent with me there):

Boulder & Ft. Collins, Colorado:
• Monday September 10, 2007 - 7:30 pm Boulder Bookstore 1107 Pearl Street - Author Event

• Tuesday September 11, 2007 Noon – Colorado State University Bookstore - The Lory Student Center at CSU Ft. Collins, CO

• Tuesday September 11, 2007 7 PM - CSU Anthropology Club The Lory Student Center at CSU, Ft. Collins - Author Event

• Wednesday, September 12, 2007 Interview for Elevision TV show. Be part of the live in-studio audience! Doors close at 7pm. The show will be at Trilogy, 2017 13th St. in downtown Boulder

Cleveland, Ohio
• Saturday October 6, 2007 9:15 PM, Cleveland Premier of my movie "Cleveland's Screaming!" at the Celevland Institute of Art

Akron, Ohio:
November 7,2007 at the Akron Public Library

Brad Warner is the author of Hardcore Zen and Sit Down and Shut Up!. He maintains a blog about Buddhist stuff. If you're in Southern California and you want to try some Zazen for yourself, he has a group that meets every Saturday in Santa Monica. This is open to anyone who wants to show up.

 

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Comments
shapeshifter23

shapeshifter23

San Francisco, CA
September 2005

SEP 03, 2007 06:20 PM

SuperCrunch said:
There will always be someone looking to oppress someone else.



Indeed. Look no further than our nation's capitol for appalling evidence of that!

Admiral_Pants

Admiral_Pants

Austin, TX
May 2004

SEP 03, 2007 07:36 PM

metalxsexkitten said:
"homosexulaity" I'm sorry, does anyone spell check these things? I am such a grammar Nazi.



No, you're not.

mellon

mellon

Brattleboro, VT
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 12:47 AM

Brad, no offense, but that's the most ignorant fucking thing I've ever heard a Buddhist say.

We don't practice nonviolence because we think that even though violence works, it is bad. We practice nonviolence because violence doesn't work.

Okay, I'm exaggerating. I've heard plenty of Buddhists say ignorant things, and I've even sheltered in my own heart the notion that maybe, somehow, things will get better as a result of Bush's war. Mea culpa. That thing, that fucking ignorant thought that I sheltered in my heart, is the enemy that Buddhism seeks to destroy.

But this is why I get pissed off when people say Buddhism is about being calm, or some shit like that. It's not. Buddhism is Satyagraha. It's letting the fucker break your hand in front of a crowd so that the crowd will withdraw their support from the fucker. It's running when you have to to avoid being murdered. It's walking en masse, unarmed, into the face of an army, because you are right and they are wrong. And it's being murdered, if that's what your karma is, instead of murdering and collecting new karma.

If Buddhism isn't satyagraha, then what's the point? To feel better? God bless. Your right to practice comes from your past good acts, not from a legal construct, and not from the barrel of a gun.

luckybestwash

luckybestwash

Valley Village, CA
OLD SKOOL

SEP 04, 2007 04:31 AM

mellon said:
Buddhism is Satyagraha. It's letting the fucker break your hand in front of a crowd so that the crowd will withdraw their support from the fucker. It's running when you have to to avoid being murdered. It's walking en masse, unarmed, into the face of an army, because you are right and they are wrong. And it's being murdered, if that's what your karma is, instead of murdering and collecting new karma.



As someone who's studied Chinese, Japanese and Thai Martial arts since I was 13, I have to ask then, why did every style I studied have a foundation in Buddhism? Why before every Thai boxing match, are Therevada rituals practiced by both fighters? Why is Bodhidharma often (albeit, flasely) connected with the birth of Shaolin Kung Fu? Is it because maybe, Buddhists of that age realized that defense of the self was as skillfull a means as doing chores, eating right, and behaving properly?

Every time the shaolin temple was burnt down, the monks didnt just say, "Come on in!" They fought back. For the countless times the Buddhist peasents of thailand were confronted by hordes of Burmese invaders, they didnt lay down their farming tools and cry, they fought back.

Now I am very much against this war for several dozen reasons. Same goes for the administration. But since you're the one who's apllying the Buddhist ideology to a number of scenarios, I think its fair for me to call shenanigans. It's insanely easy for you to say that your principles somehow guide you to a state that lies somewhere above the need to defend your life. But if you think that you could "let the fucker break your wrist" without having a primal physiological response, you're out of your goddamn mind. Do any small bit of reading on the startle/flinch response or the forensics of defensive wounds, and you'll see that the desire to defend ourselves is as engrained as eating or crapping.

Let's say you run away from a dude with a knife. And you run right into a corner. There's no escape, and nothing between you and said fucker. No problem, its your karma to die, right? That's victimhood, and that's not skillful means. Now if you're capable of saving your life without ending his, that's clearly the way to go. But when I was 17 I saw a cop put a round in a dude's leg, that was carrying a knife and chraging at him. The guy was so hoped up on drugs that he didnt even limp. He had already cut the officer prior to me witnessing it. The cop emptied his clip, and the guy slowly went down. Should the cop have died because of Satyagraha? Someone was going to die in that scenario. Based on your myopic view of pacifism and its relation to buddhism, who should it have been?

El_Truco

El_Truco

Los Angeles, CA
June 2007

SEP 04, 2007 08:48 AM

some good points, however I don't beleive the Buddha was teaching LOVE, unless your reading some poor translations. " LOve will save us all" that was Robert Smith and I don't think he meant it. This love stuff is a bunch of christian crap, thank you.

mellon

mellon

Brattleboro, VT
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 09:32 AM

Lucky, my myopic view of Buddhism is that people die. Everybody. Without exception. Always. Dies.

Of course you should learn Aikido if you are in a violent situation. I didn't say you shouldn't defend yourself - I said that violence doesn't work. Not the same thing.

If your goal is to just be a guy who says "I am a Buddhist," and feels good about himself because he is a Buddhist, then yeah, when the guy with the knife comes at you, shoot him in the heart. Fuck him. It's better that you live than him.

If it was your mom with the knife, would you find another way?

mellon

mellon

Brattleboro, VT
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 09:49 AM

El Truco, maybe you should learn Tibetan. Or Sanskrit. Figure out what nyingje and karuna mean.

ZenTrixter

ZenTrixter

Portland, OR
October 2002

SEP 04, 2007 09:58 AM

And of course, it IS your mom with the knife...

I really, seriously, don't know what to say about this piece. except "Thank you for the teaching. It most certainly was enlightening..."

cowboybert

cowboybert

West Palm Beach, FL
September 2006

SEP 04, 2007 02:53 PM

Thanks, Brad. A worthy attempt to address a difficult and sometimes paradoxical issue. I think you are right in implying that there would be no Buddhism currently if there had not been governments through the centuries to protect the rights of religious people.

luckybestwash

luckybestwash

Valley Village, CA
OLD SKOOL

SEP 04, 2007 04:37 PM

mellon said:
Lucky, my myopic view of Buddhism is that people die. Everybody. Without exception. Always. Dies.

Of course you should learn Aikido if you are in a violent situation. I didn't say you shouldn't defend yourself - I said that violence doesn't work. Not the same thing.

If your goal is to just be a guy who says "I am a Buddhist," and feels good about himself because he is a Buddhist, then yeah, when the guy with the knife comes at you, shoot him in the heart. Fuck him. It's better that you live than him.

If it was your mom with the knife, would you find another way?



Of course everybody dies. Im just saying that if someone is trying to help facilitate your death, you shouldn't aid them.

I'm not a buddhist and I never claimed to be a buddhist. I've read extensively, and I do sit Zazen, but in no way claim to be an expert on the subject. What I am saying is that my experinces have told me that defending your life and buddhist teachings are not in direct opposition. You seem to think they are. Again, its incredibly easy to say what you would and wouldn't do when you've never been in any of these situations. But many buddhists who came before you have, and guess what, they defended themselves, and sometimes that defense of self includes hurting your attacker. Without pleasure, wihtout ego, they did what needed to be done. You seem to think this is unforgivable. I tend to not see the world in such absolute tones.

Oh, and as for my Mom, like that would ever happen. Besides, I could totally take her.

mellon

mellon

Brattleboro, VT
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 05:13 PM

Oh, I don't know, moms can be crafty. Especially when armed.

When did I ever say anything was unforgivable? What Brad said wasn't unforgivable. It was just wrong. Tibetan Buddhism persists despite the Chinese killing 50k monks and destroying virtually every monastery in Tibet. As with the Tibetan diaspora, around the turn of the tenth millenium there was a Buddhist diaspora from India when the Moguls trashed Nalenda monastery and killed most of the monks there. I don't really know the history of the Pali Canon, but I bet there are similar stories.

Buddhists have been massacred many times. You could say it comes with the territory. Being a pacifist isn't some pansy-ass thing where you just calmly submit to being murdered. You run. You slap the knife out of your attacker's hand. Whatever you can.

But if you have refuge, you don't kill your attacker, because you know that that can't be the cause of you living or dying in the moment, but that it will definitely be the cause of you dying in some future moment. That's all. I'm not asking you to accept that this is true; all I'm saying is that this is the basis for the Buddhist practice of not harming others. We don't do it because we're "nice." We do it out of self-interest.

And harming others definitely isn't why Buddhism persists to this day, because if that were so, the moguls wouldn't have massacred the Indian monks, and the Chinese wouldn't have massacred the Tibetan monks.

cowboybert

cowboybert

West Palm Beach, FL
September 2006

SEP 04, 2007 07:12 PM

Lama Zopa told me once that he absolutely would not kill someone who was trying to take his life because he cannot judge which of the two have more of a right to live. I guess that's the Tibetan take on it, although I know that past Dalai Lamas have had armed guards protecting His Holiness and the temple. My Zen teacher would have put it more as a dilemma rather than an absolute.

mellon

mellon

Brattleboro, VT
October 2004

SEP 04, 2007 08:26 PM

The armed guards are willing to die to protect His Holiness. Lama Zopa's answer is a nice, skillful answer, but it's probably not what he'd tell a monk. I think expressing it as a dilemma is good, because it puts your mind on the heart of the issue, but it's still a little too easy.

The fact is that unless we're bodyguards to the Dalai Lama, the question has little meaning for us in practice. So when we mentally masturbate on the question, it's probably good to realize that because it's not a visceral issue for us, living under fairly effective rule of law, we aren't likely to come up with an honest answer anyway.

This is why I mentioned Satyagraha. Just look at what Gandhi did when he was in South Africa. *That* is pacifism. That is honest. There's no powerlessness in Satyagraha.

cklarock

cklarock

Lawrence, KS
August 2004

SEP 04, 2007 10:25 PM

Thank you for the article-- there can be a tremendous amount of skill and transcendance in violence. I don't believe compassion and non-violence are always at odds. Sometimes, the correct act of compassion is being the consequence for another.

The only way to truly become detached from the fear of violence is to have enough exposure and experience within it to overcome the lizard-brain.

luckybestwash

luckybestwash

Valley Village, CA
OLD SKOOL

SEP 05, 2007 06:19 AM

cklarock said:
The only way to truly become detached from the fear of violence is to have enough exposure and experience within it to overcome the lizard-brain.



Exactly. I think the early Shaolin Monks, Muay Thai Kru's, and Samurai had this concept down pat. It's funny, I can watch a full contact match and have no reaction, in spite of blood, knock outs, choke outs, or anything of that sort. But I can't stand watching two people yell at each other.

Like most things in life, there's no set answer either way. But to me, what Brad is talking about is no more wrong than early Buddhists designing systems of Martial Arts that contain fatal techniques.

Of course their is strength in pacifism. That should be the first weapon deployed in any scenario. But I dont believe that we can unilaterally say that violence in te name of self preservation is bad under any circumstance.

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